Kuperus, Jenny (2023) Sleep in Alzheimer’s Disease: The role of the immune and glymphatic system. Master's Thesis / Essay, Biomedical Sciences.
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affects many areas of the brain, including the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. AD is characterised by amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles due to hyperphosphorylated tau, neuronal loss, and brain atrophy. Patients with AD experience many different symptoms, ranging from memory loss, disorientation, and apathy to sleep disturbances. More specifically, between 14-69% of patients with AD experience sleep disturbances and have disrupted sleep. Results from subjective and objective sleep studies show that patients with AD have decreased sleep efficiency, total sleep time, stage 3 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM; slow wave sleep), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and fast sleep spindles compared to age-related healthy individuals. In addition, patients with AD experience increased stages 1 and 2 of NREM sleep, more sleep fragmentation, and higher wake after sleep onset. These sleep disturbances are associated with the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau in the central nervous system. In addition, increased levels of amyloid-β and tau are associated with increased wakefulness and decreased REM sleep, NREM sleep, and fast sleep spindles. Thus, there is a positive feedback loop between sleep disturbances and AD pathology. Furthermore, both the immune system and the glymphatic system play an important role in this positive feedback loop.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Master's Thesis / Essay) |
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| Supervisor name: | Eisel, U.L.M. |
| Degree programme: | Biomedical Sciences |
| Thesis type: | Master's Thesis / Essay |
| Language: | English |
| Date Deposited: | 08 Jan 2024 11:19 |
| Last Modified: | 08 Jan 2024 11:21 |
| URI: | https://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/31803 |
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