Immunomodulatory Effect of 4-Hydroxynonenal on Macrophages

Tjepkema, Johanna E. (2024) Immunomodulatory Effect of 4-Hydroxynonenal on Macrophages. Master's Thesis / Essay, Biomedical Sciences.

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Abstract

Lipid peroxidation or the reaction of oxygen with unsaturated lipids can produce a wide variety of oxidation products. One of these products is 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). 4-HNE is highly diffusible, and can therefore affect different cell types including immune cells. In this review, the immunomodulatory effect of 4-HNE on macrophages will be discussed. These effects include inhibition of pyroptosis, induction of ferroptosis, increased expression of TGF-β and COX-2 and modulating TLR4 signaling. Furthermore, 4-HNE downregulates STING signaling and increases MCP-1 secretion, leading to altered autocrine signaling that enhances macrophage recruitment and activation. Additionally, macrophages not only respond to but also produce 4-HNE upon bacterial stimuli. All of these effects of 4-HNE on macrophages, make that it plays a role in multiple diseases, including inflammatory diseases and fibrotic diseases. Lastly, its effect on MCP-1 reveals that it is highly involved in atherosclerosis as this is also an inflammatory disease. The immunomodulatory effects discussed in this essay, give an insight into the effect of 4-HNE on different diseases. However, further investigating these immunomodulatory effects of 4-HNE on macrophages, could potentially lead to therapies for all these diseases. This could potentially relieve patient symptoms, but not fully cure these diseases as it is just a part of the immune response present in these diseases and probably not causal for these diseases.

Item Type:	Thesis (Master's Thesis / Essay)
Supervisor name:	Bogaart, G. van den
Degree programme:	Biomedical Sciences
Thesis type:	Master's Thesis / Essay
Language:	English
Date Deposited:	05 Nov 2024 09:13
Last Modified:	05 Nov 2024 09:13
URI:	https://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/34375

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