Wouda, Sterre (2025) Soluble CD14 and lipopolysaccharide binding-protein are associated with clinical disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients; a biomarker study. Master's Research Project 2, Biomedical Sciences.
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Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the exact cause is not fully understood, multiple factors are involved in IBD pathogenesis. This includes environmental factors, such as dietary patterns, and gut barrier integrity. Currently, gut barrier integrity is mostly assessed through histological analysis, an invasive procedure with high patient burden. As a noninvasive alternative, circulating biomarkers are increasingly used to assess gut barrier function, offering potential insights in disease activity and development. That is why this study aimed to characterize the prevalence of three circulating biomarkers that reflect gut barrier dysfunction and its correlation with dietary patterns and disease activity in a cohort of adult IBD patients. Methods: Plasma of 450 patients with IBD (263 CD and 187 UC) was collected for analysis. Fatty acidbinding protein (I-FABP or FABP2), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPS-BP or LBP) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured using an ELISA assay. Demographic and clinical data were collected at time of plasma sampling. Data on dietary intake were collected from all patients using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Disease activity was based on clinical parameters (clinical scores) and biochemical parameters (C-reactive protein). A new defined disease activity score and a gut barrier variable were created for further analysis. To identify associations, multiple linear regression models were used correcting for confounders (age, sex, BMI, smoking status, diagnosis, albumin levels and surgical history). Results: No prominent associations were found between biomarkers and dietary patterns. Significant associations between biomarkers sCD14 and LBP and clinical disease activity (sCD14: p = 0.02 and LBP: p < 0.001) and biochemical disease activity (CRP <5 vs. >5 both p < 0.001) were identified. After adjusting for confounders, the association with sCD14 and LBP and the defined disease activity score was amplified (sCD14: β = 0.11 [0.04–1.77], p = 0.009 and LBP: β = 3.89 [2.84–4.94], p < 0.001). The gut barrier variable significantly associated with the defined disease score (intact gut barrier: 72.1% remission vs. 27.9% active disease and non-intact gut barrier: 24.4% remission vs. 75.6% active disease, both p < 0.001) and CRP levels (both p < 0.001). Conclusion: sCD14 and LBP associate with clinical- and biochemical disease activity, but do not exhibit associations with dietary patterns of patients with IBD. Future research is necessary to validate these biomarkers and assess interventions aimed at restoring gut barrier integrity.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Master's Research Project 2) |
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| Supervisor name: | Geertsema, S. and Bourgonje, A.R. |
| Degree programme: | Biomedical Sciences |
| Thesis type: | Master's Research Project 2 |
| Language: | English |
| Date Deposited: | 15 Apr 2025 08:11 |
| Last Modified: | 25 Apr 2025 09:31 |
| URI: | https://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/35046 |
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