The Role of Estrogen on Verbal Memory and Learning in Menopause

Teixeira, Sofia (2025) The Role of Estrogen on Verbal Memory and Learning in Menopause. Bachelor's Thesis, Biology.

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Abstract

Verbal memory and learning impairments are common cognitive symptoms that menopausal women experience, often leading to the need for treatment. The decline in estrogen levels during menopause has been linked to these changes. Given estrogen's various neuroprotective effects and the widespread presence of estrogen receptors throughout the brain, estrogen supplementation shows significant potential as a treatment option. This thesis investigates how changes in estrogen levels during menopause affect cognitive functions and the neurobiological mechanisms involved, aiming to improve clinical approaches for managing these cognitive symptoms. A large focus is given to describing verbal memory and learning impairments, the effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and the role of estrogen on hippocampal synaptic plasticity. The reviewed literature suggests that the menopausal decline in verbal memory and learning is linked to decreased nuclear ERα levels in the hippocampal CA1 region, reducing synaptic plasticity. Estrogen therapy (ET) can mitigate these effects within a critical period by preserving ERα levels. Decreased estrogenic neuroprotection is also disrupted in menopause and may influence memory. Psychosocial and biological factors can also contribute to these deficits. Future research should focus on therapies that enhance hippocampal synaptic plasticity and estrogen's neuroprotective actions. Treatment strategies should also address modifiable non-hormonal factors. This paper concludes that menopause-related complaints should be addressed through a holistic and adaptable approach to reflect individual variations.

Item Type:	Thesis (Bachelor's Thesis)
Supervisor name:	Havekes, R.
Degree programme:	Biology
Thesis type:	Bachelor's Thesis
Language:	English
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2025 08:06
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2025 08:06
URI:	https://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/36669

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