Bril, Mateo (2025) When Memories Fade: Distinguishing Retrieval Failure from True Memory Loss. Master's Thesis / Essay, Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences.
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Abstract
Forgetting has traditionally been understood as the consequence of synaptic degradation or neuronal loss, reflecting the irreversible erasure of stored memories. However, emerging evidence from behavioural and neurobiological studies indicates that seemingly lost memories persist in an inaccessible form. This essay examines the basis of memory storage and retrieval, the conditions under which retrieval fails, and how these differ from true storage deficits. Particular attention is given to memory engrams and how network integrity, rather than the permanence of individual synaptic changes, is key to long-term accessibility. Additionally, this essay explores the biological substrates of memory storage and retrieval, including synaptic plasticity, engram excitability, and pattern completion. In addition, pathological memory loss in neurological disorders, and the possible re-emergence of memories are also considered, highlighting evidence that points to functional disconnection rather than erasure. These insights have significant clinical implications, suggesting that interventions such as environmental cues, neural stimulation, or pharmacological agents may restore access to otherwise inaccessible memories. By distinguishing between loss and inaccessibility, this essay supports a shift in perspective: memories may not be forgotten, but instead remain inaccessible, awaiting the right conditions for access.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Master's Thesis / Essay) |
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| Supervisor name: | Havekes, R. |
| Degree programme: | Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences |
| Thesis type: | Master's Thesis / Essay |
| Language: | English |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Aug 2025 09:06 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Aug 2025 09:06 |
| URI: | https://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/36751 |
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