Beuving, M (2020) The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Master's Thesis / Essay, Biomedical Sciences.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), affecting approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. It is characterized by the formation of plaques, caused by inflammation and demyelination, leading to neurodegeneration. Autoreactive T cells cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and react against myelin antigens. Th1 and Th17 CD4+ T cells cause inflammation and increase BBB permeability, allowing more immune cells to enter the CNS and cause damage. Anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells are decreased, allowing progression of the disease. Both genetic and environmental risk factors play a role in the onset of MS, with most environmental risk factors being linked to the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota can communicate with the brain via various ways. The gut microbiota evolves over a lifespan, varies between populations and responds to changing lifestyles. The gut microbiota is key contributor to homeostasis of the body, so alterations in the composition and dysbiosis could possibly play a role in MS. The gut microbiota can influence progression of disease by reducing anti-inflammatory immune reactions, mainly a depletion of regulatory T cells and a decrease of short chain fatty acids, and inducing pro-inflammatory immune reactions, mainly Th1 and Th17 differentiation, B cell proliferation and induction of autoreactivity of T cells. Targeting the microbiota might therefore be a good option for treatment of MS.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Master's Thesis / Essay) |
|---|---|
| Supervisor name: | Sibon, O.C.M. |
| Degree programme: | Biomedical Sciences |
| Thesis type: | Master's Thesis / Essay |
| Language: | English |
| Date Deposited: | 14 Oct 2020 11:30 |
| Last Modified: | 14 Oct 2020 11:30 |
| URI: | https://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/23493 |
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