A Meta-Analysis of Fish Kinematics - An Update on Fish Swimming

Weerden, J.F. van (2010) A Meta-Analysis of Fish Kinematics - An Update on Fish Swimming. Bachelor's Thesis, Artificial Intelligence.

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Abstract

A meta-analysis of data on the kinematics for steady swimming fish was done by Videler (1993). From this he could draw several general conclusions, but not many have been added up to now. In the meantime many studies on the modelling of swimming fish have been published that are based on these conclusions. To see whether we can add to the insights for live fish we present an update of the meta-analysis. The data for the analysis of the kinematics of undulatory Body-and-Caudal-Fin steady swimming were collected from the literature. This data set comprises more than 25 species, both anguilliform and (sub)carangiform swimmers, and includes even larvae and axolotls. The size range was 0.34-69.5 cm, and the speeds 1.3-380.8 cm/s, or 0.16-55.3 in total fish lengths. The kinematic variables that could be collected are the causal variables Total length (TL), tailbeat frequency (f) and -amplitude (2A), propulsive wave length (l) and -speed (V), and the effects as measured in swimming speed (U), Reynolds number (Re), slip, stride length and Strouhal number (St). Several methodological problems had to be dealt with: what units of measurements were used, how the length of the individual or the tail beat amplitude were described, the temperature dependency of Reynolds numbers, and how to deal with the extremes (in speed or size). The results are presented in both units, and for the Total group and the Selection without extremes, and with swimming speed as the main dependet variable. In the evaluation we find that propulsive wave length is the most species-specific variable and that the correlation between swimming speed and propulsive wave speed is strong and species-independent. The conclusion from Re, St and slip is that the influence of viscosity is noticeable up to a Re of about 3000. For the Selection the speed is increased mostly by frequency but also by amplitude of the tail beat, and the results on stride length show that the force of the tail beat therefore does increase when swimming faster, one tail beat has more effect. Anguilliform swimming is discriminated from carangiform by the amount of the body used in the sideways movement: this could not be tested, but body depth could. Divided according to body depth the narrow-bodied fish have the same tbf, shorter wave length, therefore wave speed is lower and swimming slower: because they are less stiff, or because the water speed was slower? The strong species-independent correlation between propulsive wave speed and swimming speed makes this a nice test for the life-likeness of models and simulations.

Item Type:	Thesis (Bachelor's Thesis)
Degree programme:	Artificial Intelligence
Thesis type:	Bachelor's Thesis
Language:	English
Date Deposited:	15 Feb 2018 08:10
Last Modified:	15 Feb 2018 08:10
URI:	https://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/13587

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