Zapata, Victhalia (2018) HYDROGEN FROM DESERT AREAS - Hydrogen production in desert areas for export in comparison to a Dutch domestic hydrogen system. Master's Research Project 1, Energy and Environmental Sciences.
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Abstract
In the sight of an energy system without significant CO2 emissions, some countries may find that the capacity of a steady and secure supply of their energy demand from domestic renewable energy resources is limited or economically unviable. Solar, wind and wave sources of energy are very variable and dependent on weather conditions. In temperate and polar zones, some countries may find difficulties for keeping up with a higher demand and lower sun irradiance in winter season. Renewable energy import could become a feasible option in a world with a CO2 free energy system and hydrogen as a renewable energy carrier could fill this gap. Hydrogen is seen as an energy carrier that can be extensively used in the transport sector and it can support the penetration of fluctuating renewable energy sources into the electricity market by using hydrogen as storage backup for the electricity system. In this study the energy and environmental feasibility of producing and exporting hydrogen in Morocco and Australia from solar energy is analyzed and compared to producing hydrogen for domestic consumption in The Netherlands from wind energy. Two systems are defined, a solar to hydrogen system using Morocco and Australia hourly satellite derived solar irradiance, and a wind to hydrogen system in The Netherlands as the reference scenario. For analyzing the energy feasibility, a study of annual hydrogen production and energy return on energy invested (EROI) is performed on both systems. Further, a sensitivity analysis on the annual hydrogen production of the solar to hydrogen system is procured. The environmental feasibility is obtained by performing a life cycle assessment of the expected environmental impact of producing 1 Kg of hydrogen from the two systems. In addition, low and high boundary future hydrogen demand scenarios for The Netherlands were assessed. The solar to hydrogen system studied from Australia and Morocco attains larger annual production than the Dutch reference scenario even including losses for transportation to The Netherlands. The solar to hydrogen system in Morocco has larger environmental impact, however it has less CO2 emissions than the reference scenario. Both systems got larger energy return on energy invested than biofuels and unconventional oil production.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Master's Research Project 1) |
|---|---|
| Supervisor name: | Laugs, G.A.H. and Benders, R.M.J. |
| Degree programme: | Energy and Environmental Sciences |
| Thesis type: | Master's Research Project 1 |
| Language: | English |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Aug 2018 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Sep 2018 14:28 |
| URI: | https://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/18423 |
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