Sliggers, Stefan (2020) Function of membraneless organelles in cells. Bachelor's Thesis, Life Science and Technology.
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Abstract
In this thesis the concept of membraneless organelles and their function in cells will be discussed. First, we will emphasize on explaining how the formation of membraneless organelles occur. There are two main factors that drive the formation of these organelles: IDRs and cation-pi or pi-pi interactions. IDRs consist of long repetitive motifs and sequences with low complexity. They contain mostly charged residues and some hydrophobic residues. These charged residues are responsible for electrostatic repulsion and attraction within and between the proteins that form the coacervates. The formation of MLOs is regulated by post translational modifications. Secondly, the role of MLOs in signal transduction will be discussed. In neurons, MLOs form in the cell body upon synaptic activation. They contain mRNAs, phosphatases and kinases and travel to the axonal and dendritic parts, where these RNAs are released and further translated. The mRNAs are thought to be protected from decapping and exonuclease activities by either the existence of different compartments within a MLO where the mRNAs are shielded or the switching off of the molecules responsible for this by post translational modifications. Furthermore, we will study how MLOs can be involved in gene expression. In some pathways MLOs are involved in gene suppression and in others in gene overexpression. In certain viruses like Epstein-Barr virus phase separation is also used for the enhancement of gene expression.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Bachelor's Thesis) |
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| Supervisor name: | Marrink, S.J. and Tsanai, M. |
| Degree programme: | Life Science and Technology |
| Thesis type: | Bachelor's Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Nov 2020 11:16 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Nov 2020 11:16 |
| URI: | https://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/23596 |
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