How to mediate neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury for a better patient outcome? The role of microglia and TNF-alpha.

Leinenga, Emma (2024) How to mediate neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury for a better patient outcome? The role of microglia and TNF-alpha. Bachelor's Thesis, Biology.

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Abstract

This thesis aims to create an overview of the role of microglia and TNF-alpha in neuroinflammation, a common secondary injury mechanism in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroinflammation is often overlooked as TBI patients receive short-term care and may suffer consequences in terms of chronic inflammation in the brain, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Experimental models are assessed, and spinal cord injury (SCI) models can be taken into consideration when researching neuroinflammation after TBI. It can be concluded that over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications do not improve the outcome of secondary TBI injury, which paves the way for TNF-alpha as a focus of anti-inflammatory research. TNF-mediating compounds that mediate neuroinflammation and show a neuroprotective effect are TNFR2 agonists, direct TNF inhibitors and TNFR1 antagonists. Microglia depletion therapy has yielded mixed results, but activated microglia can be manipulated from an M1-like, inflammatory phenotype to an M2-like, inflammation-mediating phenotype using pharmacological treatment or genetic engineering. While these therapies are still in their experimental phase, more research is encouraged as they are not only promising as treatment of the much-overlooked neuroinflammation in TBI, but also other neurodegenerative and inflammatory conditions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Bachelor's Thesis)
Supervisor name:	Eisel, U.L.M. and Gervais, N.
Degree programme:	Biology
Thesis type:	Bachelor's Thesis
Language:	English
Date Deposited:	06 Aug 2024 13:10
Last Modified:	06 Aug 2024 13:10
URI:	https://fse.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/33869

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